What is a Solar Water Heater? A Detailed Overview
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Solar panels come in four types; monocrystalline, polycrystalline, PERC, and thin-film PV panels. Each panel has its own specifications, advantages, and disadvantages.
PV panels are the backbone of the whole solar energy system. The photovoltaic panels capture solar energy and convert it into electricity. The solar panels are manufactured by using three elements; boron, phosphorus, and silicon, organized in layer form. The boron layer is responsible for a positive charge, the phosphorus layer has a negative charge, and the silicon wafer acts as a semiconductor. The positive and negative charge within the solar panel creates an electric field.
Solar panels work on the principle of the photoelectric effect. Sunlight has energy packets known as photons. When sunlight strikes the PV panel, the photons knock out the electrons in the electric field, which generates a directional current. The directional current is sent to the solar inverter, transforming the energy into an alternating current. So, in simpler words, PV panels work as a preliminary system to capture and convert energy.
Solar panels come in four types: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, PERC, and thin-film panels.
Here are the details.
The monocrystalline solar panel is made of a pure silicon layer; they are best for commercial use. The black color of the monocrystalline panel enables it to absorb maximum sunlight that strikes upon it. Monocrystalline panels have higher heat tolerance and outstanding efficiency. They can generate higher power compared to other solar panel types.
The polycrystalline solar panel is made of different multiple silicon crystals. They are an affordable option for residential use. However, compared to monocrystalline solar panels, polycrystalline panels are less efficient and have low heat tolerance. It means polycrystalline PV panels' performance is low in too-hot weather conditions.
The full form of PERC is Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell. As the name indicates, a passivated layer at the rear surface of cells is used in PERC solar panels. The PERC solar panels are a modification of monocrystalline PV panels. The design of PERC PV panels absorbs maximum sunlight by reflecting all the light into the panel. The reflection power makes PERC solar panels more efficient.
The thin-film solar panel comprises thin films of photovoltaic materials, such as silicon, cadmium, or copper.
Thin-film solar panels are categorized into three types depending on their manufacturing material.
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Panels
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Panels
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Panels
Comparatively, these panels are much more affordable. However, the thin-film solar panels take up a lot of space, making them ideal for commercial use rather than domestic application. Thin-film solar panels are flexible and can resist harsh temperatures. The only drawback is that they come with short warranties.
Monocrystalline PV panels are the most common type of solar panels. They are efficient and temperature resistant, which makes them an ideal choice for residential use. Monocrystalline panels can reach up to 20% of the efficiency rate.
Here is a quick glimpse of all significant solar panel types and efficiencies.
Also Read: Leaf-Like PV Devices Can Generate More Power Than Solar Panels
Monocrystalline PV panels work optimally in terms of capacity and energy production. Made of a single type of silicon, monocrystalline solar panels ensure an uninterrupted and smooth flow of electricity. The large surface area is designed to capture maximum sunlight and produce sufficient energy.
We live in a world progressing towards a green and sustainable future. And solar power is playing a significant role in the development of a clean environment. With the surge in solar energy, the demand for photovoltaic panels is increasing.
If you need clarification about which solar panel you should install at your house or office building, contact a solar power technician or a solar integration company for solar panel installation. Go green and keep the environment clean.
Also Read: Three Main Types of Solar Inverters - Which One to Choose
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